Organic fertilizers have been used in agricultural production for thousands of years. They are fertilizers manufactured according to natural principles using organic materials such as animal and plant residues, lime, and peat. Compared to synthetic fertilizers, organic fertilizers have more complex and diverse impacts on ecosystems, with both positive and negative effects.

The improvement of soil quality is one of the significant advantages of organic fertilizers. By introducing organic matter into the soil, it enhances water retention, thereby aiding crops in surviving drought and high-temperature conditions. Additionally, organic fertilizers can improve soil aeration and moisture content, promoting the growth of soil microorganisms. Due to these benefits, organic fertilizers are frequently used to mitigate the decline in soil quality caused by chemical agricultural practices.

Organic fertilizers can also enhance crop yield and quality. Some experiments have shown that using organic fertilizers promotes healthier crop growth, leading to higher fruit and grain production. Additionally, these crops exhibit greater nutritional value, containing more vitamins and nutrients compared to other crops. These improvements positively impact ecosystems by increasing agricultural productivity while reducing excessive land use and minimizing pollution caused by overuse of fertilizers.

However, in practical use, organic fertilizers can also have some negative effects. First, organic fertilizers are not free; they must be obtained from biomass or fossil fuels, which increases the demand for condensate oil, natural gas, and coal, leading to certain adverse impacts on energy and the environment. Second, during prolonged storage and use, organic fertilizers may experience microbial proliferation. If stored or used improperly, they can cause issues such as foul odors, flies, and other insects, posing hazards to the surrounding environment and human health.

R1: must be translated as rainstorm.  When organic fertilizers are misused, they may also lead to water pollution. In actual agricultural production, excessive organic fertilizers can cause significant infiltration of salts and nitrogen into groundwater, thereby deteriorating groundwater quality. Additionally, during extreme weather events such as floods or rainstorms, organic fertilizers may be washed into oceans or water bodies by rain, resulting in large-scale marine eutrophication and fish mortality.

Overall, organic fertilizers have both positive and negative impacts on ecosystems. While they can enhance crop yields, improve soil quality, and reduce environmental harm, their application requires careful attention to dosage and techniques to maximize their advantages in agricultural production.